Why does a dry roof leak at the first heavy rain?
Long dry spells shrink and crack sealant, dry out the shingle tabs and open small gaps at joints. When the first heavy rain arrives, it runs into those gaps and finds the way under the covering, so the leak appears even though the roof seemed sound all summer.
Sealant is made to stay flexible, but sun and heat dry it out over the seasons. A bead that has shrunk back from the flashing or cracked along its length no longer blocks the water, and the first real rain tests every joint on the roof at once.
Water also moves slowly through the layers of a roof. A small gap may let water soak into the underlayment for hours before it reaches the room below, so the stain can show a day after the rain has stopped.
Where does winter rain usually get into a roof?
Winter rain most often enters at flashing joints, valleys, vent pipes and skylights, and at the nail lines where a shingle has lifted. These are the places where the covering is interrupted, and the seal depends on sealant or metal that can crack or move.
A valley collects water from two slopes and carries it at speed, so a worn valley is a common source of a heavy leak. The crew checks the metal or the shingles in the valley for cracks and loose edges.
A vent pipe is a second common point. The rubber collar around the pipe dries and splits in the sun, and the water runs down the pipe into the attic. A crew that checks the vents before the rain finds these before they become a stain.
What should I check before the first rain of the season?
Before the rain, check the flashing at the chimney and vents, look for cracked sealant, clear the gutters and check the ceiling below for any stain left from last season. Note any spot that is already wet, and report it before the rain starts.
Walk the property and look at the roof from the ground for lifted tabs, missing shingles and bent flashing. Clear the gutters and downspouts of leaves and dust, since a blocked run can push water back under the edge of the roof.
Check the rooms below from inside for a stain, a bubble in the paint or a damp smell. A stain that has dried from last season may return at the first heavy rain, so it is worth noting before the weather arrives.
Why does a leak show in one room but start somewhere else?
Water follows the path of least resistance, usually along a rafter, a nail line or the top of the deck, before it drips. The stain on the ceiling marks where the water leaves the structure, not where it entered the roof.
A crew traces the water upward through the attic and looks along the rafters for the wet path. The leak can be several feet away from the stain, and the technician marks the path before any work begins.
Insulation can also hold water and carry it along the ceiling. A wet spot in the attic may be the first sign of a leak, long before a stain appears in the room below.
What affects the cost of a rain leak repair?
A leak repair depends on how many joints are failing, whether the flashing can be reset or must be renewed, how much surrounding covering is brittle and how the attic and ceiling were damaged. No price figure is printed here, and the price is explained and approved before any work starts.
A single failed sealant joint is a short repair. A leak that has soaked the underlayment or the deck for a season takes longer, because the wet material must be removed and the deck dried or replaced before the new work can be laid.
A crew that finds several failing joints will list them separately and say which are urgent and which can wait for a dry spell. The homeowner decides the order of work after seeing the list.